Topic Paper # 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Topic Paper # 2 - Essay Example Illusion arises from a feeling of 'something is right' when it isn't, the most common one being the Mirage of the desert. The brain's orientation, which depends on visual system and vestibular system (middle ear), is given a wrong input of the existing situation by these organs. This results in instinctual corrective action, which, if not based on facts but feelings, can lead to extremely dangerous situation in the air. Some sensory receptors throughout the body like pressure, stress, vibrations, position sense, temperature and discomfort also provide inputs to the brain prompting instinctual corrective action from the pilot. If this happens closer to the ground with inadequate understanding of the situation on the part of the pilot and inadequate time to switch over to aircraft instruments, the result could be a disaster affecting hundreds of lives direcly and thousands indirectly (Brock, 1998). Some important sensory illusions affecting the man in the air are discussed in succeedin g paragraphs. Spatial disorientation can be of two kinds: False perception, where pilot does not realise the gravity of the situation and Conflicting perception in which the pilot feels a conflict between his feelings and the information provided by aircraft instruments. Former is the more critical one to understand and important to take precautions against. This is inaccurate feeling or per... The visual system is by far most critical, and helps in determining speed and direction of flight with reference to some stationary input, like cloud or ground. These provide critical information to orient oneself on ground and also in the air. Even birds cannot fly without visual references, like, say in clouds or fog. Only bats have a developed auditory echo-location system (like Radar) so as to fly without problems at night (Antunano). Hence, it is normal for us humans to have difficulty in poor visibility conditions like in clouds o fog. Some important visual illusions affecting flight are being discussed below: Relative Motion Illusion. This happens when, for example, when the adjoining train moves, it gives us a false feeling of movement of our own train. Similar illusion in aircraft, for example in formation flying, can cause dangerous response from the pilot leading to mid-air collision. This is not an unfamiliar experience in military flying. Autokinetic Illusion. On a dark featureless night, when the pilot stares towards a stationary light like a star or other aircraft light, it appears to be moving after some time giving a false impression of it to be on a collision course with own aircraft. This again might prompt an unwarranted response from the pilot transfixed on to some harmless feature (Antunano and Mohler, 1992). To avoid this situation, pilots are trained to carry out random scanning and avoid visual fixation (Brock, 1998). Illusion due to Runway Width, Slope etc. Illusions due to sloping runways or different width/length than standard lead to a pilot assuming wrongly about his visual glide path, flare height and attempting to correct it closer to ground may lead him to entering a

Assessment of an enterprise-level business system Essay

Assessment of an enterprise-level business system - Essay Example At the end this write up would set forth the criteria for establishing the acceptability or otherwise of the business process mapping tools and suggest any improved tools. In fact all this considerations can be answered in the concept of business process reengineering. It was in the early 1990s that many US corporations, and subsequently companies all over the world, began to adopt the concept of business process reengineering (BPR) to obtain long lost competitiveness that they had lost during the previous decade. The primary feature of BPR is the sole focus on business processes, rather than functional organizational structures. Davenport (1993) defines a (business) process as "a structured, measured set of activities designed to produce a specific output for a particular customer or market. It implies a strong emphasis on how work is done within an organization, in contrast to a product focus's emphasis on what. A process is thus a specific ordering of work activities across time and space, with a beginning and an end, and clearly defined inputs and outputs: a structure for action. ... Taking a process approach implies adopting the customer's point of view. Processes are the structure by which an organization does what is necessary to produce value for its customers." 1 Hammer & Champy's (1993) definition can be considered as a subset of Davenport's. They define a process as "a collection of activities that takes one or more kinds of input and creates an output that is of value to the customer." Whereas Johansson et. al. (1993) defines a process as, "a set of linked activities that take an input and transform it to create an output. Ideally, the transformation that occurs in the process should add value to the input and create an output that is more useful and effective to the recipient either upstream or downstream." This definitions lead us to chief feature of a business process viz. Definability, Order, Customer, Value adding, Embeddedness and Cross functionality. In order to gain an understanding of the various processes involved in the organization which completes its business system information pertaining to above features of the business processes needs to be collected. There can be essentially two approaches to collection of such data-one , the primary data collection and, two, the secondary data collection. With in these approaches primary data could be collected through face to face interviews with key personnel responsible for such processes and a broader based questionnaire approach can be used for the operative employees. Secondary data sources can be rich and can range from industry publications to in-house examination of manuals, sales and marketing registers, financial accounts, accounting vouchers to Board minutes to minutes of the various committees of the Board and other executive committees. 2 The process of business process mapping can follow two approaches. Davenport and Short (1990) have identified two basic methods for process identification, which they termed "targeted" and "comprehensive" methods. Targeted methods take their starting point in the identification of a relatively small number of processes being critical to the business, which are

Voices Of Women Writers Lesson Essay -- essays research papers fc

Parents play a crucial role in the development of children, varying from culture to culture. Although imperative, the mother and daughter relationship can be trivial. Many women writers have exercised their knowledge and shared their feelings in their works to depict the importance and influence of mothers upon daughters. Jamaica Kincaid, Maxine Hong Kingston, and Kiana Davenport are only three of the many women writers who have included mother and daughter themes in their texts. These writers explore the journeys of women in search of spiritual, mental and individual knowledge. As explained by these authors, their mothers' words and actions often influence women both negatively and positively. These writers also show the effects of a mother's lesson on a daughter, while following women's paths to discovery of their own voice or identity. In Kincaid's poem, Girl; Hong Kingston's novel, Woman Warrior; and Davenport's short story, The Lipstick Tree, various themes are presented in cont rasting views and contexts, including the influence of mothers upon daughters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is said that a girl can often develop some of her mother's characteristics. Although, in their works, Kincaid, Hong Kingston and Davenport depict their protagonists searching for their own identities, yet being influenced in different ways by their mothers. Jamaica Kincaid's poem Girl, is about a young woman coming-of-age receiving helpful advice from her mother. In this poem, Kincaid addresses several issues where a mother's influence is beneficial to a young woman's character. The mother, or speaker, in Girl, offers advice to her daughter- advice that she otherwise would not learn without being told or shown. The mother advises the daughter about everyday tasks, and how to go about them properly (in her opinion). 'Wash the white clothes on Monday and put them on the stone heap; wash the color clothes on Tuesday and put them on the clothesline to day; don't walk bare-head in the hot sun;…this is how to sew on a button; this is how to make a buttonhole for the button you have just sewed on; … this is how you sweep a corner; this is how you sweep the whole house…'; Most importantly, the mother offers advice that only a mother should. Although she is being informative and authoritative, the mother's tone is often condescending. In particul... ...m, falling asleep wrapped in the smell of her childhood…She climbed to the top of the bunker again, and studied the horizon, seeing herself decanted into the future, going even further than WeWak…';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jamaica Kincaid, Maxine Hong Kingston, Kiana Davenport utilize the methods of fiction and non-fiction to represent influential relationships such as the mother and daughter. In each of these texts, the writers present their perspective and knowledge, varying by culture and context. From each writer, the expression that individuality and lessons learned from mothers are essential for the development for a woman's identity. But most importantly, these writers evoke that it is beneficial to discover femininity and strength by going beyond tradition and the norm. Works Cited Davenport, Kiana. The Lipstick Tree. Women Writers coursepack. Fall 1999.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.crwrl.utexas.e du/~natasha/usauto_html/kingston/gender.html.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kincaid, Jamica. Girl. Women Writers coursepack. Fall 1999   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kingston, Maxine Hong. The Woman Warrior. Random House: NY, April 1976.

Interactive Training Modules in Microcontrolling and Microprocessing Essay

Computer Engineering Department lacks equipment when it comes to new kinds of microcontrollers and modules. Developing interactive training modules is our proposed solution to that problem. This interactive training module will be a medium to help students and enable them to get ideas on how to do their projects. This project presents the Interactive Training Modules for Microcontrolling and Microprocessing. It consists of combinations of different modules that are used for training that is available in the market and an interactive manual. The main objectives of this project is to have a low cost training module for Computer Engineering Department that can be used as an educational material in teaching basic microcontrolling and microprocessing to give the students ideas in creating their own projects. The interactive training modules will consist a microcontroller and different types of sensors, input/output devices, motors, and communication modules. Each module will have several easy to understand educational experiments and other using the combination of different modules. The interactive manual will contain all the instructions for the experiment, information about the microcontroller and other details that can be very helpful for the user of the trainer. A Gizduino (Arduino based microcontroller) will be used for this project because of being a low-cost microcontroller and easy to understand programming language which is C-based. We decided to purchase a ready made and low cost trainer that is easy to use and will have an additional feature like having a Ethernet Shield that can be used in controlling other modules. B. Statement of the problem The proponents aim to present the general problem and specific problems. Microprocessing and Microcontrolling have become important over a wide range of applications from hobby, manufacturing, surgery until to the handling of hazardous materials. Consequently, it’s important to understand how they work, and what problems exist in designing effective project interactive training modules. In designing interactive training modules, we must understand it requires a lot of knowledge and basic information about the modules. From other research and studies, there are several problems statements that are clarify and noticed †¢Cost Initially, the cost for purchasing an interactive training module is very expensive. A quality and suitable materials for this project will cost a lot of budget and it’s clearly not affordable. This will cause a difficulty for educational purposes and many students and instructors will find lots of difficulties in doing their studies and research. Thus this project will help them to deliver a better understanding about the basic operation and functions of a Microprocessor and Microcontroller. †¢Hardware system To construct a interactive module, there are few procedures to be considered which are process etching, installating component, soldering process, testing and troubleshooting. If the constructed circuit does not function, troubleshooting must be done, thus it needs a lot of focus and knowledge about circuit process. †¢System integration Technically, it is always difficult to integrate the hardware and software. There are many ways to integrate the system to function according to instructions that are given. Loads of research and studies must be done in order to achieve the expected result for this project. Also this study provides answers to the following questions: †¢What are the problems encountered by the students and instructors in using the existing instructional tools available for the Computer Engineering Department? †¢What are the solutions that can be provided to address the problems? C. Objectives of the study The objectives of this project are: i.To have an up-to-date and low cost training module that can be used by the Computer Engineering students. ii.To produce an interactive training manual as a guide for educational purpose. iii.To build and develop both the training modules hardware and software system that could be integrated to support the application system of a basic microcontroller and microprocessor. D. Scope and Delimitation Basically the scope of this project will be the following: i.Doing research and development for the project. ii.Gathering informative source about the topic from multiple source such as books, journals, internet and also magazines. iii.Start developing and installing the materials for the hardware. iv.Integrating the developed hardware and software. v.Doing performance testing to the developed project. E. Significance of the Study This project would be beneficial for the following: i.Instructors: It will provide sample in discussing how to create projects that need microcontrolling and microprocessing, it can also be used as an instructional tool for the laboratory experiments on employing effective learning in their class. ii.Students: It will serve as a basis of reference for conducting study and a way of training themselves in basic microcontrolling and microprocessing. iii.Campus: It will provide better method of teaching new technologies to Computer Engineering students. iv.Researchers: It will serve as a future reference on the subject of Microcontroller and Microprocessor. F. Definition of Terms Arduino – is an open source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy to use hardware and software. Ethernet – is a family of computer networking technologies for local area networks (LANs). Interactive – Accepting input from a human. Interactive computer systems are programs that allow users to enter data or commands. Most popular programs, such as word processors and spreadsheet applications. Microcontroller – A microcontroller (sometimes abbreviated  µC, uC or MCU) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals. Microprocessor – incorporates the functions of a computer’s central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC), or at most a few integrated circuits. It is a multipurpose, programmable device that accepts digital data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and provides results as output. Module – A self-contained assembly of electronic components and circuitry, such as a stage in a computer that is installed as a unit. Motor – A device that converts any form of energy into mechanical energy, especially an internal-combustion engine or an arrangement of coils and magnets that converts electric current into mechanical power. Sensors – A sensor (also called detector) is a converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an (today mostly electronic) instrument.

Outline and Asses the Feminist Explanations of Gender...

Outline and asses the feminist explanations of gender inequalities (40) Feminists believe that women are unequal to men, and the different groups think it is down to different reasons. Liberal feminists think it is because it is down to gender role socialisation. Marxist feminists believe it is down to capitalism. Radical feminists think women are not equal to men because of relationships within the home, and black feminist think they are unequal not just because they are women, but also because of their skin colour. All groups of feminists also believe that women are subordinated due to patriarchy, (the idea that males are dominant). Firstly, liberal feminists, such as Ann Oakley argue that gender role socialisation is responsible for†¦show more content†¦Secondly, liberal feminism has been criticised because it tends to assume that all women accept their gender identities in a passive way. Liberal feminism also does not take race or class into consideration. Marxist feminists believe womens subordination is down to the influence of capitalism. Women are seen as a reserve army of labour. Companies only hire them when they really need them, and they do less important jobs than men, making them more disposable. Women change jobs more frequently than men, so are more vulnerable at times of redundancy, they tend to be less skilled, and capitalist ideologies locate women in the home. The reserve army of labour theory has been criticised as it fails to explain why there are womens jobs and mens jobs. It is seems to overlook the fact that patriarchy can be influential by itself. The Marxist feminists seem to imply that once capitalism is abolished, gender inequality will disappear, which might not actually be the case. On the other hand, Radical feminists, such as Elizabeth Stanko argue that womens inequality begins in the home, and then extends outwards in the rest of society. If a women is unequal in a relationship with her husband at home, then she is unequal to other men in wider society, e.g. in the government and the media. Radical feminists focus on power relationships between men and women in private. They claim that men exploit and control women within theShow MoreRelated Comparing Cultural Gender Roles Essay1989 Words   |  8 PagesGender and the ways gender is portrayed in society varies from culture to culture. Gender roles have changed drastically, especially during the 20th century and continue to evolve to this day. For years now there have been preconceived notions about genders and the roles each one should play in society, home, workplace, etc. Most times gender roles are associated with stereotypes and previous gender roles. Gender role plays different parts in religion, c ulture, society, time periods, countries

Is Fracking Our Energy Future - 838 Words

Four Colorado Front Range cities, Boulder, Longmont, Loveland, and Fort Collins voted to place restrictions on hydraulic fracturing, or fracking as it is sometimes referred to, in the November 2013 elections. Greeley, a neighboring community, has made a statement in the opposite direction. According to journalist Natalya Savka, â€Å"There is no talk of a fracking ban in this city of 427 wells, a number that is predicted to quadruple within the next few years† (45). Hydraulic fracturing is the future of clean energy production in the United States, according to the gas and oil industry experts. Alex Prud’homme, author of Hydrofracking: What Everyone Needs to Know, says that hydrofracking is defined in different ways by different people. Prud’homme states the following: To those in the energy industry, it refers purely to the process of injecting fluids-which consist of water and between three and twelve chemicals, including hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride, met hanol, and isopropyic ethanol, that serve various functions-underground at high pressure to crack open shale rock, release natural gas or oil trapped there, and allow the hydrocarbons to flow to the surface. (24) To most people, hydrofracking or fracking is just an easy way to describe the processes used to drill a well and extract oil and gas from the site. Weld County, where Greeley is the largest city, is home to â€Å"more than 20,000 active oil and gas wells,† the most in the United States (Savka 45). 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A mixture of water, sand, and chemicals is injected into shale formations thousands of feet below the surface returning with an untapped flow either gas or oil. Essentially, it is a relatively inexpensive and increasingly common method of energy extraction

Substance Use Disorder Within Mental Health Patients

Substance use disorder in mental health patients poses a major concern to clinicians in psychiatry. The disorder generally is associated with an underlying mental health condition(s), however, there are multiple theories suggesting psychological to neurological and probably multifactorial etiological profile. Substance abuse and substance dependence which are the former terms that were used to define one with the disorder has been grouped into a set category of substance use disorder by the 2013 Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) (APA, 2013). Furthermore, there is a certain number of diagnostic criteria as well as severity that must be met to best guide care services of the patient with a substance use or polysubstance use disorder. Identification of High-Risk Population Definition of Substance Use Disorder and Etiology The word substance can describe a drug of abuse, a medication or a toxin that produces psycho activation and alters cognitive, behavioral, and affective perception; furthermore, addiction has been conceptualized as a disease, yet little is known about the underlying pathophysiology (Johnson, Vanderhoef, 2013). Most common theories that have contributed to some understanding to the substance abuse and addiction are described by Johnson Vanderhoef (2013) as psychodynamic which within this theory is the oral stage fixation where a person seeks gratification through oral behaviors; maladaptive regressive behaviorsShow MoreRelatedMental Health Parity And Addiction Equity Act1293 Words   |  6 PagesThe Paul Wellstone and Pete Domenici Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA) was enacted on October 3, 2008 as sections 511 and 512 of the Tax Extenders and Alternative Minimum Tax Relief Act of 2008. MHPAEA amends the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERIS A), the Public Health Service Act (PHS Act), and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (Federal Register, 2013). 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